The SVD Dragunov: Russia’s Iconic Sniper Rifle

04/2025
Author: Dave
Apr 03, 2025
???? 4 mins

The SVD Dragunov is one of the most recognizable and influential sniper rifles in military history. Developed in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, the Dragunov was designed to serve as a designated marksman rifle (DMR), bridging the gap between standard infantry rifles and dedicated sniper rifles. Known for its rugged reliability, semi-automatic action, and distinct profile, the Dragunov has been used by military forces worldwide for over six decades. In this article, we will explore the history, features, optics, users, advantages, disadvantages, and modern alternatives to the legendary SVD Dragunov.

The Origins of the SVD Dragunov

During the Cold War, the Soviet military recognized the need for a rifle that could extend the effective range of infantry squads. Unlike Western militaries, which traditionally relied on bolt-action sniper rifles, the Soviets sought a semi-automatic platform capable of providing rapid follow-up shots while maintaining precision.

Designed by Yevgeny Dragunov in 1963, the SVD (Snáyperskaya Vintóvka Dragunova) was adopted as the Soviet Army’s standard designated marksman rifle. Chambered in the powerful 7.62×54mmR cartridge, the same round used in the Mosin-Nagant, the SVD offered greater range and accuracy than the AK-47 while allowing marksmen to engage multiple targets quickly. Its adoption revolutionized squad-level marksmanship, enabling Soviet infantry units to engage enemy forces at longer distances with increased effectiveness.

Key Features and Design

  • Caliber: 7.62×54mmR, offering excellent range and penetration.
  • Action: Gas-operated, semi-automatic system for rapid follow-up shots.
  • Weight: Approximately 9.5 lbs (unloaded), balancing portability with durability.
  • Barrel Length: 24.4 inches, providing greater accuracy at long distances.
  • Magazine Capacity: Standard 10-round detachable box magazine.
  • Stock Design: Skeletonized wooden or polymer stock with cheek rest for improved comfort.
  • PSO-1 Scope: Standard issue 4x magnified optic with built-in rangefinder and illuminated reticle.
  • Iron Sights: Adjustable backup sights for use in case of optic failure.

One of the defining features of the SVD is its lightweight design, which allows marksmen to move more easily compared to traditional bolt-action sniper rifles. The rifle’s gas-operated system also enables faster follow-up shots, making it particularly useful in dynamic combat situations.

Who Uses the SVD Dragunov?

The SVD Dragunov has seen widespread use across various military, paramilitary, and insurgent forces:

  • Soviet and Russian Armed Forces: The primary designated marksman rifle from 1963 to the present.
  • Warsaw Pact Nations: Used by Eastern Bloc countries during the Cold War.
  • Middle Eastern & Asian Militaries: Supplied to allies such as China, Iran, and Syria.
  • Insurgent & Guerrilla Forces: Frequently found in conflicts due to its durability and availability.
  • Civilian and Law Enforcement Use: Some law enforcement agencies and private collectors have also adopted the Dragunov in various capacities.

Favorite Accessories & Optics

The SVD Dragunov is often customized with various accessories to improve performance:

  • PSO-1 Scope: The original 4x magnification optic with infrared detection capability.
  • Modernized Scopes: Enhanced optics, including higher-magnification and night vision scopes.
  • Suppressors: Rare but occasionally used to reduce sound signature.
  • Adjustable Stocks: Polymer and folding stock variants for improved ergonomics.
  • Bipods: Aftermarket bipods help stabilize the rifle for precision shooting.

Modern optics have significantly improved the effectiveness of the Dragunov. While the original PSO-1 scope remains iconic, newer scopes with variable zoom, improved glass clarity, and night vision capabilities allow marksmen to maximize the rifle’s potential.

Pros & Cons of the SVD Dragunov

Pros:

✔ Semi-Automatic Action: Faster follow-up shots compared to bolt-action sniper rifles. 

✔ Durability: Designed to withstand harsh conditions with minimal maintenance. 

✔ Lightweight for a Sniper Rifle: More maneuverable than heavier bolt-action counterparts. 

✔ Extended Effective Range: Outranges standard infantry rifles like the AK-47. 

✔ Widely Available: Found in numerous conflicts, making parts and accessories relatively accessible. 

✔ Battle-Proven Reliability: With over six decades of use, the SVD remains one of the most trusted marksman rifles in history.

Cons:

❌ Limited Precision Compared to Bolt-Action Rifles: While accurate, it lacks the pinpoint precision of dedicated sniper rifles. 

❌ Outdated Optics: The PSO-1 is functional but lacks the clarity and capabilities of modern optics. 

❌ Magazine Capacity: 10 rounds can be limiting in extended engagements. 

❌ Recoil & Muzzle Flash: The 7.62×54mmR round produces significant recoil and visible muzzle flash. 

❌ Difficult to Acquire in Some Countries: Strict import laws and regulations make the Dragunov difficult to obtain legally outside of military use.

Modern Alternatives to the SVD Dragunov

While the SVD remains in service, modern designated marksman rifles offer improved optics, ergonomics, and modularity:

  • Dragunov SVDS: A modernized, shorter-barrel variant with a folding stock for airborne troops.
  • Zastava M91: A Serbian rifle inspired by the SVD, offering enhanced ergonomics.
  • PSL-54C: A Romanian variant of the Dragunov, commonly mistaken for the original SVD.
  • Knight’s Armament M110: A U.S. military semi-auto sniper rifle chambered in 7.62 NATO.
  • HK G28: A German precision rifle featuring a modern optic suite and modular design.
  • FN SCAR 20S: A modern battle rifle offering modularity and exceptional accuracy.

Conclusion

The SVD Dragunov is an enduring symbol of Russian military firepower. While it may not have the pinpoint accuracy of a bolt-action sniper rifle, its semi-automatic action, durability, and battle-proven performance have made it a favorite among marksmen for decades. Whether used in Cold War conflicts, modern battlefields, or civilian collections, the Dragunov remains one of the most iconic and recognizable sniper rifles in the world. Its legacy continues to influence the development of designated marksman rifles, solidifying its place in firearm history.

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