The SVD Dragunov: Russia’s Iconic Sniper Rifle

04/2025
Author: Dave
Apr 03, 2025
???? 4 mins

The SVD Dragunov is one of the most recognizable and influential sniper rifles in military history. Developed in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, it was designed to serve as a designated marksman rifle (DMR), bridging the gap between standard infantry rifles and dedicated sniper rifles. Known for its rugged reliability, semi-automatic action, and distinct profile, the Dragunov has been used by military forces worldwide for over six decades.

The Origins of the SVD Dragunov

During the Cold War, the Soviet military recognized the need for a rifle that could extend the effective range of infantry squads. Unlike Western militaries that favored bolt-action sniper rifles, the Soviets wanted a semi-automatic platform capable of rapid follow-up shots without sacrificing accuracy.

Designed by Yevgeny Dragunov in 1963, the SVD (Snáyperskaya Vintóvka Dragunova) was adopted as the Soviet Army’s standard DMR. Chambered in the powerful 7.62×54mmR ammunition—the same round used in the Mosin-Nagant—the SVD offered greater range than the AK-47 while allowing marksmen to engage multiple targets quickly.

Key Features and Design

  • Caliber: 7.62×54mmR, offering excellent range and penetration.
  • Action: Gas-operated, semi-automatic system for rapid follow-up shots.
  • Weight: Approximately 9.5 lbs (unloaded), balancing portability with durability.
  • Barrel Length: 24.4 inches, providing greater accuracy at long distances.
  • Magazine Capacity: Standard 10-round detachable box magazine.
  • Stock Design: Skeletonized wooden or polymer stock with cheek rest for improved comfort.
  • PSO-1 Scope: Standard issue 4x magnified optic with built-in rangefinder and illuminated reticle.
  • Iron Sights: Adjustable backup sights for use in case of optic failure.

One of the defining features of the SVD is its lightweight design, which allows marksmen to move more easily compared to traditional bolt-action sniper rifles. The rifle’s gas-operated system also enables faster follow-up shots, making it particularly useful in dynamic combat situations.

Who Uses the SVD Dragunov?

The SVD Dragunov has seen widespread use across various military, paramilitary, and insurgent forces:

  • Soviet and Russian Armed Forces: The primary designated marksman rifle from 1963 to the present.
  • Warsaw Pact Nations: Used by Eastern Bloc countries during the Cold War.
  • Middle Eastern & Asian Militaries: Supplied to allies such as China, Iran, and Syria.
  • Insurgent & Guerrilla Forces: Frequently found in conflicts due to its durability and availability.
  • Civilian and Law Enforcement Use: Some law enforcement agencies and private collectors have also adopted the Dragunov in various capacities.

Favorite Accessories & Optics

While the original PSO-1 remains iconic, modern shooters often upgrade their Dragunov with:

Extended Magazines: Where available and legalth variable zoom, improved glass clarity, and night vision capabilities allow marksmen to maximize the rifle’s potential.

Scopes & Optics: Variable zoom, night vision, or improved glass clarity

Bipods: For increased stability during precision shooting

Suppressors: Rare but useful for signature reduction

Adjustable Stocks: For better ergonomics and fit

Pros & Cons of the SVD Dragunov

Pros:

✔ Semi-Automatic Action: Faster follow-up shots compared to bolt-action sniper rifles. 

✔ Durability: Designed to withstand harsh conditions with minimal maintenance. 

✔ Lightweight for a Sniper Rifle: More maneuverable than heavier bolt-action counterparts. 

✔ Extended Effective Range: Outranges standard infantry rifles like the AK-47. 

✔ Widely Available: Found in numerous conflicts, making parts and accessories relatively accessible. 

✔ Battle-Proven Reliability: With over six decades of use, the SVD remains one of the most trusted marksman rifles in history.

Cons:

❌ Limited Precision Compared to Bolt-Action Rifles: While accurate, it lacks the pinpoint precision of dedicated sniper rifles. 

❌ Outdated Optics: The PSO-1 is functional but lacks the clarity and capabilities of modern optics. 

❌ Magazine Capacity: 10 rounds can be limiting in extended engagements. 

❌ Recoil & Muzzle Flash: The 7.62×54mmR round produces significant recoil and visible muzzle flash. 

❌ Difficult to Acquire in Some Countries: Strict import laws and regulations make the Dragunov difficult to obtain legally outside of military use.

Modern Alternatives to the SVD Dragunov

While the SVD remains in service, modern designated marksman rifles offer improved optics, ergonomics, and modularity:

  • Dragunov SVDS: A modernized, shorter-barrel variant with a folding stock for airborne troops.
  • Zastava M91: A Serbian rifle inspired by the SVD, offering enhanced ergonomics.
  • PSL-54C: A Romanian variant of the Dragunov, commonly mistaken for the original SVD.
  • Knight’s Armament M110: A U.S. military semi-auto sniper rifle chambered in 7.62 NATO.
  • HK G28: A German precision rifle featuring a modern optic suite and modular design.
  • FN SCAR 20S: A modern battle rifle offering modularity and exceptional accuracy.

Conclusion

The SVD Dragunov remains an enduring icon of Russian military firepower. While it lacks the pinpoint accuracy of dedicated bolt-action rifles, its semi-automatic action, durability, and proven field record make it one of the most respected DMRs in history.

Whether you’re a collector, a competitive marksman, or a military historian, the Dragunov’s legacy is undeniable.

Looking for a precision rifle of your own? Explore USA Gun Store’s rifle selection, scopes and optics, and shooting accessories to build your own long-range setup.

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